This session will cover an overview of neuroanatomy, including the primary structures within the human brain and their function. This will be considered in the context of human evolution with a view to applying this understanding to modern day symptoms, including visual stress and blue-light induced sleep disturbances. The session will then introduce the concept of primitive reflexes, giving an overview of what they are, when they develop and integrate and potential consequences of these not integrating. For each reflex, delegates will have the opportunity to practice assessing themselves and colleagues for the presence of the reflex to understand how these can be checked in practice. The topic will be considered in the context of modern day child development and the correlation between restricted movement and cognitive development. Further considerations, including re-emergence of reflexes in elderly and neurodegenerative cases are also covered. This is an overview session which will equip the clinician with a basic understanding of what primitive reflexes are, how to do a general assessment and what to do with the results.